Research

Only 384.5 hectares of Sydney's undeveloped employment land pass both access checks

Sydney has a large classified industrial-land stock, but only a small share of monitored undeveloped land passes both published access checks.

This article separates Sydney's industrial-land classifications, monitored access checks, development-ready supply and historical take-up.

The Sydney Plan classifies 22,971 hectares of industrial land. The separate January 2025 Employment Lands Development Monitor records 20,210.2 hectares of zoned employment land and tests undeveloped land for wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.

A zoning total does not show how much land can support development now. Planners and investors need to keep classification, infrastructure access, development readiness and annual take-up separate.

Sydney's industrial-land total narrows at each supply test

The Sydney Plan classifies 22,971 hectares of industrial land. Regional precincts account for 18,007 hectares, or 78% of that total. State precincts account for 4,028 hectares and local precincts for 936 hectares.

Those areas show policy importance and geographic extent. They do not show that sites have services, resolved planning issues or a clear path to construction.

Regional precincts contain 78% of the Plan's classified industrial-land area

The Plan's three classifications sum to 22,971 hectares. The categories describe policy roles, not development readiness.

  • State4,028 ha
  • Regional18,007 ha
  • Local936 ha
Regional share
78%
18,007 of 22,971 classified hectares
State share
18%
4,028 classified hectares
Local share
4%
936 classified hectares

The 2025 monitor uses a separate land measure

The 2025 Employment Lands Development Monitor records 20,210.2 hectares of zoned employment land in 381 Greater Sydney precincts at January 2025. It records 7,166 hectares as undeveloped. The monitor also reports access to wastewater and B-double roads.

The monitor total is not a newer version of the Plan's 22,971 hectares. The sources have different definitions and dates. We do not subtract one from the other or describe the difference as a loss of land.

Only 384.5 monitored undeveloped hectares pass both published access checks

The bars share the 7,166-hectare undeveloped denominator. Wastewater and heavy-vehicle access do not cover electricity, digital networks, environmental constraints or resolved planning issues.

  • Undeveloped employment land7,166 ha
  • Heavy-vehicle access4,226.4 ha
  • Wastewater access631.6 ha
  • Both access types384.5 ha
Undeveloped share
35.5%
7,166 of 20,210.2 zoned hectares
Wastewater access
8.8%
Share of monitored undeveloped land
Both access types
5.4%
384.5 of 7,166 undeveloped hectares

Four measures must remain separate

The 2025 monitor no longer calls land with a wastewater connection alone "serviced land". The Statewide Policy for Industrial Lands uses a broader definition. Serviced land needs water, wastewater, roads and electricity.

Development-ready land has a higher test. Enabling infrastructure must be in place, key planning issues must be resolved, controls must enable development and evidence must show that construction can start.

A zoning label starts the supply test

Each step asks a different question. Passing one step does not prove the next.

  1. Classify land

    Record the state, regional or local policy role and the applicable controls.

  2. Check monitored access

    Test wastewater and heavy-vehicle access without calling either test complete servicing.

  3. Check full servicing

    Confirm water, wastewater, roads and electricity for the land under review.

  4. Test development readiness

    Resolve planning issues and confirm that infrastructure and controls allow construction to start.

LGA percentages need the hectare base beside them

The LGA results show why a Sydney-wide total is not enough. Liverpool has 2,156.8 monitored undeveloped hectares, but 65.6 hectares pass both access checks. Penrith has 2,743.5 undeveloped hectares and 60.4 hectares pass both. Their shares are 3.0% and 2.2%.

Some established LGAs have a high percentage on a very small base. The City of Sydney has 3.7 hectares with both access types out of 5.9 undeveloped hectares. The percentage is 62.7%, but the area is small. The accessible table keeps the hectares beside every percentage.

The share passing both monitored access checks varies by LGA

The map divides hectares with both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access by each LGA's monitored undeveloped hectares. It does not map development-ready land.

Share of monitored undeveloped employment land with both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access across Sydney's 33 local government areas at January 2025.A choropleth of the 33 Sydney Plan local government areas. Exact values are available in the table after the map.Bayside: 29.2%Blacktown: 8.2%Blue Mountains: 0.0%Burwood: 20.0%Camden: 7.9%Campbelltown: 15.6%Canada Bay: 50.0%Canterbury-Bankstown: 37.1%Cumberland: 13.3%Fairfield: 17.9%Georges River: 29.6%Hawkesbury: 2.0%Hornsby: 1.2%Hunters Hill: Not applicableInner West: 10.5%Ku-ring-gai: Not applicableLane Cove: 0.0%Liverpool: 3.0%Mosman: Not applicableNorth Sydney: 0.0%Northern Beaches: 45.2%Parramatta: 49.9%Penrith: 2.2%Randwick: 15.0%Ryde: 54.7%Strathfield: 72.9%Sutherland: 8.1%Sydney: 62.7%The Hills: 0.6%Waverley: Not applicableWilloughby: 14.3%Wollondilly: 3.9%Woollahra: Not applicable
  • Liverpool3.0%
  • Penrith2.2%
Share with both monitored access types
  1. No undeveloped denominator
  2. 5% or less
  3. >5% to 15%
  4. >15% to 50%
  5. More than 50%

The denominator is each LGA's monitored undeveloped employment-land area. A high share can represent a small hectare base. The two access checks do not establish development readiness.

View all 33 mapped values
All share with both monitored access types values for the 33 Sydney Plan local government areas
Local government areaBoth-access shareContext
Strathfield72.9%17.2 of 23.6 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Sydney62.7%3.7 of 5.9 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Ryde54.7%2.9 of 5.3 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Canada Bay50.0%0.1 of 0.2 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Parramatta49.9%37.4 of 74.9 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Northern Beaches45.2%2.8 of 6.2 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Canterbury-Bankstown37.1%14.2 of 38.3 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Georges River29.6%0.8 of 2.7 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Bayside29.2%1.4 of 4.8 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Burwood20.0%0.0 of 0.1 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Fairfield17.9%38.9 of 217.9 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Campbelltown15.6%24.6 of 157.7 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Randwick15.0%0.3 of 2.0 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Willoughby14.3%0.1 of 0.7 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Cumberland13.3%8.9 of 67.1 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Inner West10.5%2.2 of 21.0 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Blacktown8.2%62.8 of 765.9 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Sutherland8.1%12.9 of 160.0 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Camden7.9%17.0 of 215.3 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Wollondilly3.9%8.1 of 209.5 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Liverpool3.0%65.6 of 2,156.8 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Penrith2.2%60.4 of 2,743.5 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Hawkesbury2.0%0.8 of 39.1 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Hornsby1.2%0.2 of 16.6 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
The Hills0.6%1.2 of 184.8 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Blue Mountains0.0%0.0 of 44.1 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Lane Cove0.0%0.0 of 1.1 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
North Sydney0.0%0.0 of 0.9 monitored undeveloped hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
Hunters HillNot applicableThe monitor records no undeveloped employment-land denominator for this LGA.
Ku-ring-gaiNot applicableThe monitor records no undeveloped employment-land denominator for this LGA.
MosmanNot applicableThe monitor records no undeveloped employment-land denominator for this LGA.
WaverleyNot applicableThe monitor records no undeveloped employment-land denominator for this LGA.
WoollahraNot applicableThe monitor records no undeveloped employment-land denominator for this LGA.

Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data, LGA 2025 boundaries, licensed under CC BY 4.0. Boundary source. Statistical boundaries are approximate and are not legal or cadastral boundaries.

Take-up and pipeline requirements measure different stages

Greater Sydney recorded 194 hectares of employment-land take-up in 2024. The monitor defines take-up as lots larger than 100 square metres that changed from undeveloped to developed during the year. It says this result was 15% below 2023 and 20% above its long-term average.

The Sydney Plan separately reports average take-up of about 165 hectares a year over the previous seven years. It also says a healthy pipeline needs development-ready supply at about 250 hectares a year. The 250-hectare figure is a forward planning requirement. It is not observed take-up and it is not a measured shortage.

Observed take-up and a development-ready pipeline answer different questions

The three values are shown together to expose their different periods and definitions. The difference between them is not a calculated supply deficit.

  • Rounded seven-year take-up averageabout 165 ha/yr
  • Observed 2024 take-up194 ha
  • Development-ready pipeline requirementabout 250 ha/yr
Observed in 2024
194 ha
Annual land-use change under the ELDM method
Historical average
about 165 ha/yr
Rounded seven-year figure in the Plan
Pipeline requirement
about 250 ha/yr
Forward development-ready supply measure

Site decisions need service, planning and delivery evidence

A regional zoning total is the first measure. Site decisions also need evidence about infrastructure, the planning position and the path to development.

For strategic planning, report the classified area and the supply stage. For a site decision, verify current controls, infrastructure capacity, constraints, ownership and market feasibility. Do not use a regional hectare total as a parcel conclusion.


Methodology, limitations and sources

Source reconciliation

We checked the downloaded Plan and Appendix E files against the frozen series hashes. We transcribed Main Plan Table 4 and the supply statements on pages 80 to 82. We did not derive local values from the Appendix E maps.

We then checked the February 2026 monitor page, summary report and official Greater Sydney workbook. The 33 LGA rows reconcile to the Greater Sydney totals within 0.1 hectare.

Geography

The map joins the official LGA workbook rows to frozen Australian Bureau of Statistics LGA 2025 codes. The boundaries are statistical approximations, not legal or cadastral boundaries. The map shows an LGA aggregate and cannot locate available industrial sites.

Database assessment

We did not use a Plynth database extract. The official monitor already supplies the relevant primary aggregate, and no approved read-only Plynth surface added a distinct industrial-land servicing measure to this question.

Limitations

  • The Plan's 22,971 hectares and the monitor's 20,210.2 hectares have different definitions and dates. They are not a time series.
  • Zoned, undeveloped, serviced and development-ready land are separate measures.
  • Wastewater and heavy-vehicle access do not cover every infrastructure, planning, environmental or market constraint.
  • Take-up records past land-use change. It does not measure unmet demand.
  • The pipeline requirement is a planning benchmark, not a forecast or a measured deficit.
  • LGA totals do not establish parcel availability, feasibility or approval.
Key findings

What the data shows

  • Regional precincts contain 18,007 hectares, or 78% of the Plan's classified industrial-land area.
  • The January 2025 monitor records 7,166 undeveloped hectares, but only 384.5 hectares have both wastewater and heavy-vehicle access.
  • Greater Sydney recorded 194 hectares of take-up in 2024; the Plan's approximate 250-hectare annual pipeline figure is a different forward-planning measure.
Research scope

What we analysed

Sources and scope
The analysis uses Main Plan Table 4, Appendix E, the official 2025 Employment Lands Development Monitor workbook and summary, the Statewide Policy for Industrial Lands and frozen ABS LGA 2025 geometry.
Comparison method
Reconcile the Plan's three classification areas, then calculate each monitor access measure as a share of 7,166 undeveloped hectares. Join the 33 official LGA rows to frozen ABS codes for one bounded access map.
What it cannot establish
The sources use different definitions and vintages. The comparison does not convert monitored access into development readiness, infer parcel feasibility or treat annual take-up as demand for a future supply pipeline.
Change record

What would trigger a review

  • The Sydney Plan or Appendix E changes an industrial-land classification or supply measure
  • A new Employment Lands Development Monitor changes a displayed stock, access or take-up value
  • The Statewide Policy for Industrial Lands changes the development-ready or serviced-land definition
Jurisdiction
Sydney Region, New South Wales
Publication status
published
Sources checked
26 August 2026
Internal technical reviewer
Matthew A. Fuller